Big Data has been utilized extensively in numerous fields, including transportation. Using several sources of data, traffic conditions can be accurately anticipated and forecasted to enhance the overall operation’s efficacy. This study introduces and outlines the different data types that can be utilized in traffic prediction. In addition, the most popular Big Data processing frameworks will be characterized. It also reviews the applications of Big Data in traffic flow prediction. Furthermore, a conceptual framework to adopt Big Data and Geographic Information Systems in traffic prediction is proposed in this study. To further encourage Big Data utilization in traffic prediction operations, future research obstacles, and opportunities are also provided in this study.